It is certain that many are eager to know whether China has raced ahead of the West, or which technology makes China a leader in the world, just like those who wanted to know the secret of how Japan created advancements in science and technology in the early 1980s. And if we take a step back and consider it as an academic task, readers may wonder whether STS can contribute to a better understanding of how science and technology have evolved along with society in China, in particular after the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to power in 1949.