In August 2006, an international conference was held in Tianjin, China, under the sponsorship of the Center for Chinese Social History Research in Nankai University. The main goal of the conference was to explore ways of studying the history of medicine in China from social/cultural historical approaches, and over fifty scholars from all over the world presented papers. Two years later, this volume has been published based on a selection of conference papers with a significant addition of specific contributions from invited authors. Being the first of its kind published in mainland China, this book thus provides a comprehensive overview of the latest batch of scholarship gleaned from the recent trend in historiography of the Chinese medical past.