We might think that scholars in the fields of national, comparative, world, or global history of science and technology engage with each other in fruitful dialogue and see their works as part of a common cumulative project. But such is not usually the case. This article identifies and compares the research agendas and the possible linkages or terms of engagement that characterize these contrasting historiographical frameworks, noting their distinctive potentials for integrating scholarship on Asia into the mainstream disciplines of history of science and history of technology.